Paul O'Shea
Senior lecturer (Leave of Absence)
Rethinking change in Japan's security policy : punctuated equilibrium theory and Japan's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Author
Summary, in English
Change in Japanese foreign and security policy has long been characterized as “incremental”. However, Japan’s response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine provides an opportunity to reconsider this paradigm. In the aftermath of the 2014 annexation of Crimea, then-Prime Minister Abe Shinzō chose not to put Crimea on the agenda, prioritizing instead relations with Russia. However, Prime Minister Kishida Fumio responded to the 2022 invasion by increasing ties with NATO, promising to double Japan’s military spending, and acquiring capabilities that were once considered off-limits, including cruise missiles. This dramatic policy shift is analyzed using punctuated equilibrium theory (PET). We find that the 2022 invasion became a focusing event, shifting public and elite opinion in unison. Where Crimea was played down, Ukraine was clearly linked to Asia, to a possible invasion of Taiwan, and as a threat to the entire liberal international order under which Japan had prospered. We argue that overall change in Japan’s policy has not been continuous, rather, focusing events, such as Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, 9/11, and the 2012 “national security crisis” have precipitated fundamental change. Thus, we conclude that PET provides a better understanding of policy change than incrementalism.
Department/s
- Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University
Publishing year
2024
Language
English
Publication/Series
Policy Studies
Document type
Journal article
Publisher
Routledge
Topic
- Political Science
Keywords
- Security policy
- foreign policy
- punctuated equilibrium theory
- Japan
- Russia
- incrementalism
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Other
- ISSN: 1470-1006